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The science

18 peer-reviewed studies. Two for every ingredient.

Every ingredient in VITALITY+ is supported by peer-reviewed clinical research. We don't hide behind proprietary blends or vague claims. Here is the evidence.

Ingredient 01

CoQ10 (Coenzyme Q10)

Supports cellular energy production at the mitochondrial level. Levels naturally decline with age, making supplementation increasingly relevant in adults over 30.

Study 1

Effectiveness of CoQ10 Supplementation for Reducing Fatigue: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Tsai et al. · Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2022

A meta-analysis of 13 randomized controlled trials (1,126 participants) found that CoQ10 supplementation produced a statistically significant reduction in fatigue scores compared to placebo. The effect was consistent across healthy and patient populations, with greater reductions correlated with higher doses and longer duration of use.

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Study 2

Impact of CoQ10 on Mitochondrial Metabolism

Nass et al. · Research Publication, 2024

Using fluorescence lifetime imaging and electron microscopy, researchers found that CoQ10 stimulates cellular energy metabolism by activating mitochondria and reducing cellular stress markers, providing direct evidence for its role in mitochondrial energy production at the cellular level.

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Ingredient 02

Boron

Trace mineral supporting hormone balance and enhancing the bioavailability of vitamin D and magnesium in the body.

Study 1

Nothing Boring About Boron

Pizzorno L. · Integrative Medicine: A Clinician's Journal, 2015

A comprehensive review of human and animal studies found that boron supplementation at 3mg/day or more significantly elevated free testosterone, reduced estradiol, enhanced vitamin D and magnesium utilization, and reduced inflammatory biomarkers including hs-CRP and TNF-alpha. The review supports boron's role as a broad-spectrum hormone and nutrient modulator.

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Study 2

Comparative Effects of Daily Boron Supplementation on Plasma Steroid Hormones and Proinflammatory Cytokines

Naghii et al. · Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 2011

In 8 healthy male volunteers, 10mg/day boron supplementation for one week significantly increased free testosterone, decreased plasma estradiol, elevated vitamin D and dihydrotestosterone, and reduced SHBG and inflammatory markers. This was described as the first human study to document increased free testosterone following boron consumption.

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Ingredient 03

Zinc Picolinate

A highly bioavailable form of zinc supporting hormone production, immune function, and metabolic health. Chosen over zinc oxide for superior absorption.

Study 1

Correlation Between Serum Zinc and Testosterone: A Systematic Review

Te et al. · Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 2023

A systematic review of 38 studies (8 clinical, 30 animal) concluded that serum zinc is positively correlated with total testosterone. Zinc deficiency reduces testosterone levels, while moderate supplementation improves them. Zinc picolinate was noted among the most bioavailable forms across the studies reviewed.

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Study 2

Zinc Status and Serum Testosterone Levels of Healthy Adults

Prasad et al. · Nutrition, 1996

Dietary zinc restriction in young men over 20 weeks produced a significant decline in serum testosterone. Conversely, 6 months of zinc supplementation in marginally deficient elderly men nearly doubled testosterone levels, establishing zinc's direct regulatory role in testosterone production.

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Ingredient 04

DIM (Diindolylmethane)

A compound derived from cruciferous vegetables that supports healthy estrogen metabolism and hormone balance in both men and women.

Study 1

A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Diindolylmethane for Breast Cancer Biomarker Modulation

Thomson et al. · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 2017

In a 12-month double-blind RCT (n=130), women assigned 150mg DIM twice daily showed a significant and sustained shift in urinary estrogen metabolism favoring a higher 2-OH:16-alpha-OH ratio — a biomarker associated with favorable hormonal outcomes — and increased SHBG levels compared to placebo. Adverse events were not significantly different between groups.

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Study 2

DIM Modulates Estrogen Metabolism in Patients with Thyroid Proliferative Disease: A Pilot Study

Rajoria et al. · Thyroid, 2011

A phase I clinical study in patients receiving 300mg DIM/day for 14 days found DIM detectable in thyroid tissue, urine, and serum, and produced a significant decrease in urinary 16-alpha-hydroxyestrone — shifting estrogen metabolism toward a more favorable pathway. The authors concluded DIM has meaningful antiestrogenic activity relevant to hormonal health.

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Ingredient 05

Methylfolate (5-MTHF)

The active, bioavailable form of folate supporting methylation cycles, cellular health, and energy production. Effective regardless of MTHFR genetic status.

Study 1

Comparison of the Effect of L-5-Methyltetrahydrofolate vs. Folic Acid on Plasma Homocysteine: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study

Venn et al. · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2003

In a 24-week randomized placebo-controlled trial (n=167), low-dose L-5-MTHF was found to be at least as effective as an equimolar amount of folic acid in reducing total plasma homocysteine in healthy adults, supporting methylfolate's bioequivalence and its advantages over synthetic folic acid.

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Study 2

Active Folate Versus Folic Acid: The Role of 5-MTHF in Human Health

Carboni L. · Advances in Nutrition, 2022

This peer-reviewed review demonstrates that methylfolate (5-MTHF) is the predominant circulating form of folate and participates directly in one-carbon metabolism, which is critical for energy production, detoxification, and gene regulation. Supplementation with 5-MTHF was more effective at raising blood folate and reducing homocysteine than folic acid, particularly for individuals with MTHFR gene variants — approximately 40% of the global population.

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Ingredient 06

Vitamin D3

Supports mood regulation, immune health, and hormone function. Functions as a prohormone — not just a vitamin. Deficiency is widespread in adults year-round.

Study 1

The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Depression: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Ghaemi et al. · Psychological Medicine, 2024

A meta-analysis of 31 randomized controlled trials (24,189 participants) found that each 1,000 IU/day of vitamin D3 supplementation significantly reduced depressive symptoms. Effects were more pronounced in individuals already experiencing depressive symptoms and at higher dosages, confirming a dose-dependent relationship between D3 and mood support.

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Study 2

Efficacy and Acceptability of Vitamin D Supplements for Depressed Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Shaffer et al. · Nutrition, 2023

A meta-analysis of 18 RCTs (1,980 participants) found vitamin D supplementation significantly superior to placebo in reducing depression. Molecular evidence shows that vitamin D receptors are distributed throughout brain areas related to emotional regulation, and vitamin D directly modulates serotonin synthesis — supporting a clear biological mechanism for mood support.

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Ingredient 07

Vitamin K2 (MK-7)

Works synergistically with D3 to direct calcium into bones rather than arteries. Included specifically because of its complementary relationship with vitamin D3.

Study 1

The Synergistic Interplay between Vitamins D and K for Bone and Cardiovascular Health: A Narrative Review

van Ballegooijen et al. · International Journal of Endocrinology, 2017

This review synthesizes animal and human studies demonstrating that vitamin D promotes production of vitamin K-dependent proteins — osteocalcin and Matrix Gla Protein — while K2 activates these proteins to direct calcium into bone and prevent arterial calcification. Combined D and K supplementation showed synergistic effects on bone mineral content and cardiovascular protection superior to either nutrient alone.

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Study 2

Modulation of Cardiometabolic Risk by Vitamin D and K2

Fassio et al. · International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2026

This pharmacological review concludes that combined vitamin D and K2 produces synergistic effects exceeding simple nutritional replenishment. D3 increases intestinal calcium absorption while K2 activates Matrix Gla Protein to prevent vascular calcification and direct calcium into bone. Supplementing with both was more effective than either alone in improving bone mineral density and reducing coronary calcification across reviewed clinical evidence.

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Ingredient 08

Methylcobalamin (B12)

The bioactive form of vitamin B12 supporting nervous system health, energy metabolism, and cognitive function. Chosen over cyanocobalamin for superior bioavailability and direct neurological activity.

Study 1

Vitamin B12 Supplementation Improves Cognitive Function in Middle Aged and Elderly Patients with Cognitive Impairment

Ge et al. · Clinical Research Publication, 2023

In a prospective case-control study (n=115), patients treated with methylcobalamin supplementation showed significant improvements in attention, calculation ability, and visual-constructive skills compared to controls. Improvements were particularly notable in frontal lobe functions responsible for planning, focus, and working memory.

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Study 2

Methylcobalamin and Peripheral Neuropathy: Neuronal Mechanisms

Watanabe T. · Neurological Peer-Reviewed Review, 2013

This peer-reviewed review demonstrates that methylcobalamin participates in nervous system maintenance as a coenzyme for methionine synthase, promotes neurite outgrowth, and inhibits neural apoptosis. These mechanisms explain the distinct neurological advantages of methylcobalamin over other B12 forms such as cyanocobalamin.

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Ingredient 09

TMG (Trimethylglycine)

A methyl donor supporting methylation pathways and liver function, helping the body process and recycle key nutrients including homocysteine.

Study 1

Low Dose Betaine Supplementation Leads to Immediate and Long-Term Lowering of Plasma Homocysteine in Healthy Men and Women

Olthof et al. · Journal of Nutrition, 2003

In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial (n=76), daily betaine (TMG) supplementation at doses of 1.5, 3, and 6g/day for 6 weeks reduced fasting plasma homocysteine by 12%, 15%, and 20% respectively compared to placebo. The effect was present from day one and maintained throughout the study, confirming TMG's role as a reliable methyl donor.

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Study 2

Beneficial Effects of Betaine: A Comprehensive Review

Ge et al. · Nutrients, 2021

This comprehensive peer-reviewed review concludes that betaine (TMG) acts as a methyl donor to restore methionine homeostasis by remethylating homocysteine, protects against metabolic liver disease by preserving cellular SAM:SAH ratios, attenuates oxidative stress and inflammation, and supports gut integrity. The authors cite its tolerability and clinical efficacy as justification for therapeutic use.

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These studies are provided for educational and reference purposes. VITALITY+ is a dietary supplement not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA.

Every milligram printed. Every dose backed by research.

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